The International Journal of Applied Management Sciences and Engineering (IJAMSE) is a refereed, multidisciplinary journal that publishes high-quality articles on management sciences and engineering with special emphasis in human resources management and production engineering. IJAMSE provides discussion and the exchange of information on principles, strategies, models, techniques, methodologies, and applications of management sciences in the field of industry, commerce, and services. The journal communicates the latest developments on the subject of management worldwide. IJAMSE links management sciences and engineering disciplines to promote sustainable development. It seeks cultural and geographic diversity in studies of HRM and engineering and uses that impact organizational communications, change processes, and work practices, reflecting the diversity of societal and infrastructural conditions. The journal is interested in research that transcends the boundaries of single academic subjects and managerial functions. Interdisciplinary scholarship and commentaries that challenge the paradigms and assumptions of individual disciplines or functions are welcome; however, such papers should be grounded in conceptual or empirical literature.